Archives: Lessons

Distance-Time Graphs and Displacement-Time Graphs Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how changes in distance and displacement can be represented graphically. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe the layout of a distance-time graph. Describe how constant speed, changing speed and stationariness are represented on a … Read more

Acceleration Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the relationship between acceleration, speed and time. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define acceleration. Distinguish between positive acceleration and negative acceleration. Use the acceleration formula to calculate: Average acceleration Final speed Initial speed Change in speed Time … Read more

Distance and Displacement, Speed and Velocity Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the relationship between speed, distance and time. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities. Distinguish between distance and displacement. Distinguish between speed and velocity. Distinguish between average speed … Read more

Evolution – The Evidence Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how evidence for the theory of evolution is provided by a range of scientific disciplines. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe how the fossil record shows changes in species over time. Illustrate how anatomical similarities … Read more

Evolution – The Process Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the processes involved in evolution by natural selection. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Outline the key stages in the evolutionary process. Explain why genetic variation and reproductive isolation are required for the evolution of … Read more

Genetic Variation and Change Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the importance of genetic diversity for populations to survive and adapt to environmental change. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define genetic variation and describe how it is acquired in populations. Describe natural selection and … Read more

Genetic Mutation Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about genetic mutations and the different ways they can be classified. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain what a mutation is and compare the different types, including: Chromosomal mutations and DNA mutations Spontaneous mutations and induced mutations … Read more

Pedigree Charts Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how pedigree charts can be used to show the inheritance of genetic conditions between multiple generations. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain the function of a pedigree chart, describe its layout and the symbols used, and construct … Read more

Mendelian Genetics Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how Gregor Mendel discovered fundamental laws of inheritance by conducting quantitative experiments with garden peas. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define ‘pure breeding line’ and differentiate between cross-pollination and self-fertilisation. Construct Punnett squares for a monohybrid cross … Read more

Punnett Squares Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how Punnett squares can be used to predict genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Complete a Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring for: Dominant and recessive inheritance Incomplete … Read more

Sex-Linked Inheritance Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes follow different patterns of inheritance in males and females. Learning Outcomes Explain what a sex-linked trait is and differentiate between X-linked and Y-linked traits. Write genotypes for sex-linked traits and describe hemizygosity in males. Determine genotypes … Read more

Dominance, Incomplete Dominance and Codominance Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the three modes of biological inheritance – dominance, incomplete dominance and codominance. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe the three modes of biological inheritance: Dominance Incomplete dominance Codominance Define ‘dominant’ and ‘recessive’ in … Read more

Genes, Genotype and Phenotype Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how characteristics of living things are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe what traits are and explain how they are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Describe what genes … Read more

DNA Replication, Mitosis and Meiosis Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the two types of cell division – involving either mitosis or meiosis – and the process of DNA replication which takes place prior to both. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain why cell … Read more

Chromosomes, Diploid Cells and Haploid Cells Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the arrangement of chromosomes in diploid and haploid cells, and how sex chromosomes determine biological sex. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe the arrangement of chromosomes in diploid cells (body cells) and … Read more

DNA – The Molecule of Life Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the structure of DNA – the molecule that carries genetic information in living things. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe the structure of nucleotides – the subunits of DNA molecules. Describe the … Read more

Respiration and Photosynthesis Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about two of the most important chemical processes that take place in the cells of living things – cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Write chemical equations for respiration and photosynthesis. Describe the … Read more

Acid-Metal Reactions Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about chemical reactions between acids and metals. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Predict whether a chemical reaction between an acid and a metal will take place or not. Determine the products of chemical reactions between acids and … Read more

Acid-Base Reactions Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the different types of acid-base reactions and the products they form. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Identify acid-base reactions. Write the generalised chemical equations for different types of acid-base reactions. Determine the products of acid-base reactions. … Read more

Acids and Bases Learning Objective In this lesson we will compare acids, bases and neutral solutions. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define acids, bases and neutral solutions, in terms of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. Compare the properties and uses of acids and bases.   (Image: robin_ph, … Read more