The Biosphere

• The biosphere incorporates all parts of Earth where living organisms are found.

• This includes animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria and archaea.

• Since living things are found on land, in water and in air, the biosphere incorporates the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.

• The biosphere is composed of several levels of organisation.

• These include individuals, populations, communities, ecosystems and biomes.

• Organisms within the biosphere interact in various ways.

• These interactions include herbivory, predation, decomposition, competition and symbiosis.

• All living things are connected via a complex series of food webs consisting of producers, consumers and decomposers.

• Nutrients are cycled through food webs, whereas energy flows through them.

• Fundamental biochemical processes that take place in the biosphere include photosynthesis and respiration.

The biosphere incorporates all places on Earth where living organisms are found.

(Images: Flavio Vallone, Pexels; joakant, Pixabay; falco, Pixabay)