Archives: Lessons

Human Body Systems Learning Objective In this lesson we will overview the different human body systems, in particular, the nervous system, endocrine system and lymphatic system. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: List the basic inputs and outputs required by living organisms. Describe the general characteristics of living … Read more

Electrical Resistance and Ohm’s Law Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about electrical resistance and how it can be calculated. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define electrical resistance and give examples of materials with high and low resistance. Describe how different factors can affect the … Read more

Measuring Electricity – Voltage and Current Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how electricity can be measured in terms of voltage and current. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define voltage and explain how it can be measured using a voltmeter. Define current and explain how … Read more

Electric Circuits and Circuit Diagrams Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about basic electric circuits and how they can be represented by circuit diagrams. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe an electric circuit and list four common features of all electric circuits. Describe how electric … Read more

Introduction to Electricity Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn what electricity is and look at the two forms in which it can exist. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain how electric charge can be transferred between atoms. Define electricity. Define electrical energy and explain how … Read more

Heat Energy and Heat Transfer Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how heat energy is transferred between substances by the processes of conduction, convection and radiation. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Differentiate between heat energy and temperature. Define heat transfer. Explain how the processes of … Read more

Sound Waves Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how sound waves transfer energy and how sound waves can be characterised. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define what sound waves are and explain how they are generated. Describe how sound waves consist of compressions and rarefactions, … Read more

Refraction and Lenses Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how light refracts through convex and concave lenses to produce different types of images. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe refraction, with examples. Define ‘refractive index’ and explain the law of refraction. Describe convex and concave … Read more

Reflection and Mirrors Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how light reflects off flat and curved mirrors to produce different types of images. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe plane, concave and convex mirrors. Describe the law of reflection. Explain how light reflects off plane, … Read more

The Visible Light Spectrum and Colour Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how visible light is composed of colours with different wavelengths. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe how light waves are electromagnetic waves. Describe how visible light (white light) is composed of colours with … Read more

Electromagnetic Radiation Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the different types of electromagnetic radiation, how they are produced and how they can be used. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe an electromagnetic wave and the electromagnetic spectrum. Identify the different types of electromagnetic radiation. … Read more

Waves Learning Objective In this lesson we will look at characteristics of waves and learn about different types of wave motion. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define what a wave is. Distinguish between mechanical and electromagnetic waves. Describe transverse, longitudinal and surface wave motion. Describe the mathematical … Read more

Evolution – The Evidence Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how evidence for the theory of evolution is provided by a range of scientific disciplines. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Describe how the fossil record shows changes in species over time. Illustrate how anatomical similarities … Read more

Evolution – The Process Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the processes involved in evolution by natural selection. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Outline the key stages in the evolutionary process. Explain why genetic variation and reproductive isolation are required for the evolution of … Read more

Genetic Variation and Change Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about the importance of genetic diversity for populations to survive and adapt to environmental change. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define genetic variation and describe how it is acquired in populations. Describe natural selection and … Read more

Genetic Mutation Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn about genetic mutations and the different ways they can be classified. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain what a mutation is and compare the different types, including: Chromosomal mutations and DNA mutations Spontaneous mutations and induced mutations … Read more

Pedigree Charts Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how pedigree charts can be used to show the inheritance of genetic conditions between multiple generations. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain the function of a pedigree chart, describe its layout and the symbols used, and construct … Read more

Mendelian Genetics Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how Gregor Mendel discovered fundamental laws of inheritance by conducting quantitative experiments with garden peas. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define ‘pure breeding line’ and differentiate between cross-pollination and self-fertilisation. Construct Punnett squares for a monohybrid cross … Read more

Punnett Squares Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how Punnett squares can be used to predict genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Complete a Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring for: Dominant and recessive inheritance Incomplete … Read more

Sex-Linked Inheritance Learning Objective In this lesson we will learn how traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes follow different patterns of inheritance in males and females. Learning Outcomes Explain what a sex-linked trait is and differentiate between X-linked and Y-linked traits. Write genotypes for sex-linked traits and describe hemizygosity in males. Determine genotypes … Read more